What Animals Live In Latvia Estonia And Lithuania

Countries east of the Baltic Sea

"Baltics" redirects here. For other uses, see Baltic.

This article is near the unofficial grouping of Estonia, Latvia and Republic of lithuania. For the region in northern Europe they are situated in, see Baltic region. For a region in southern Europe, see Balkans.

Baltic countries
Countries	Estonia (blue) Latvia (red) Lithuania (xanthous)
Time zones	UTC+02:00 (EET) UTC+03:00 (EEST)

The Baltic states or the Baltic countries is a modernistic unofficial geopolitical term, typically used to group three countries: Estonia, Republic of latvia and Lithuania. All three countries are members of NATO, the European Wedlock, the Eurozone, and the OECD. The three sovereign states on the eastern declension of the Baltic Sea are sometimes referred to as the "Baltic nations", less frequently and in historical circumstances also as the "Baltic republics", the "Baltic lands", or merely the Baltics.

All three Baltic countries are classified as high-income economies by the World Bank and maintain a very high Human Evolution Index.^[one] The iii governments appoint in intergovernmental and parliamentary cooperation. There is also frequent cooperation in foreign and security policy, defence, energy, and transportation.^[ii]

The term "Baltic states" ("countries", "nations", or similar) (Estonian: Balti riigid, Baltimaad; Latvian: Baltijas valstis; Lithuanian: Baltijos valstybės) cannot be used unambiguously in the context of cultural areas, national identity, or language. While the majority of the population both in Latvia and Lithuania are indeed Baltic peoples (Latvians and Lithuanians), the majority in Estonia (Estonians) are culturally and linguistically Finnic.^[ii]

Etymology [edit]

The Baltic Mode was a mass anti-Soviet sit-in in 1989 where ca 25% of the total population of the Baltic countries participated

The term Baltic stems from the proper noun of the Baltic Sea – a hydronym dating dorsum to at least 3rd century B.C. (when Erastothenes mentioned Baltia in an Ancient Greek text) and possibly earlier.^[iii] There are several theories about its origin, most of which trace it to the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European root *bhel ^[four] pregnant 'white, fair'. This meaning is retained in the two modern Baltic languages, where baltas in Lithuanian and balts in Latvian mean 'white'.^[5] Still, the modern names of the region and the sea that originate from this root, were not used in either of the two languages prior to the 19th century.^{[6] [ needs update ]}

Since the Heart Ages, the Baltic Sea has appeared on maps in Germanic languages as the equivalent of 'Eastward Sea': German: Ostsee, Danish: Østersøen, Dutch: Oostzee, Swedish: Östersjön, etc. Indeed, the Baltic Sea lies by and large to the east of Germany, Denmark, Kingdom of norway, and Sweden. The term was likewise used historically to refer to Baltic Dominions of the Swedish Empire (Swedish: Östersjöprovinserna) and, subsequently, the Baltic governorates of the Russian Empire (Russian: Остзейские губернии, romanized: Ostzejskie gubernii ).^[6] Terms related to modernistic proper noun Baltic announced in ancient texts, but had fallen into disuse until reappearing as the adjective Baltisch in German, from which it was adopted in other languages.^[vii] During the 19th century, Baltic started to supersede Ostsee equally the name for the region. Officially, its Russian equivalent Прибалтийский ( Pribaltiyskiy ) was first used in 1859.^[6] This change was a result of the Baltic German elite adopting terms derived from Baltisch to refer to themselves.^{[7] [8]}

The term Baltic countries (or lands, or states) was, until the early on 20th century, used in the context of countries neighbouring the Baltic Sea: Sweden and Denmark, sometimes too Deutschland and the Russian Empire. With the advent of Foreningen Norden (the Nordic Associations), the term was no longer used for Sweden and Denmark.^{[9] [10]} After Earth War I, the new sovereign states that emerged on the east declension of the Baltic Sea – Republic of estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Finland – became known equally the Baltic states.^[seven]

History [edit]

Summary [edit]

Later the Get-go Earth War the term "Baltic states" came to refer to countries past the Baltic Sea that had gained independence from the Russian Empire. The term includes Estonia, Republic of latvia and Lithuania, and originally too included Finland, which later on became grouped among the Nordic countries.^[11]

The areas of what are now the independent Baltic countries accept seen dissimilar regional and imperial affiliations during their existence. The greater function of the three modern states' territory was for the first fourth dimension included in the same political entity when the Russian Empire expanded in the 18th century. Estonia and most of Republic of latvia were ceded by Sweden, and incorporated into the Russian Empire at the end of the Cracking Northern State of war in 1721, while most of the territory of what is now Republic of lithuania came under the Russian rule afterwards the Tertiary Sectionalization of Poland in 1795. Big parts of the Baltic countries were controlled by the Russian Empire until the final stages of World State of war I in 1918, when Estonia, Latvia and Republic of lithuania gained their sovereignty. The three countries were independent until the outbreak of World War 2. In 1940, all three countries were invaded, occupied and annexed by the Stalinist Soviet Union. In 1941 followed the invasion and occupation of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia by Nazi Federal republic of germany, before the Red Army reinvaded in 1944–1945 and the Soviet Union was able to regain control over the three countries until 1991. Soviet dominion ended in the Baltic countries in 1989–1991 equally the newly elected parliaments of the three nations declared the Soviet occupation illegal, culminating with the full restoration of the independence of the three countries in Baronial 1991.

The first menstruation of independence, 1918–1940 [edit]

As World State of war I came to a close, Lithuania alleged independence and Latvia formed a conditional government. Estonia had already obtained autonomy from tsarist Russia in 1917, and declared independence in February 1918, but was after occupied past the German Empire until November 1918. Republic of estonia fought a successful war of independence confronting Soviet Russian federation in 1918-20. Republic of latvia and Lithuanian followed a similar process, until the completion of the Latvian War of Independence and Lithuanian Wars of Independence in 1920.

According to the 1939 Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact "the Baltic States (Finland, Estonia, Republic of latvia, Lithuania)" were divided into German language and Soviet "spheres of influence" (German copy)

During the interwar period these countries were sometimes referred to every bit limitrophe states between the two Earth Wars, from the French, indicating their collectively forming a rim along Bolshevik Russia'southward, later the Soviet Union'due south, western border. They were also function of what Georges Clemenceau considered a strategic cordon sanitaire, the entire territory from Finland in the n to Romania in the south, standing betwixt Western Europe and potential Bolshevik territorial ambitions.^{[12] [13]}

All 3 Baltic countries experienced a period of authoritarian dominion by a head of state who had come to power after a anemic coup: Antanas Smetona in Lithuania (1926-1940), Kārlis Ulmanis in Latvia (1934–1940), and Konstantin Päts during the "era of silence" (1934–1938) in Estonia, respectively. Some annotation that the events in Lithuania differed from the other two countries, with Smetona having different motivations besides equally securing power eight years before whatsoever such events in Latvia or Estonia took place. Despite considerable political turmoil in Finland no such events took place at that place. Republic of finland did still go embroiled in a bloody civil state of war, something that did not happen in the Baltics.^[14] Some controversy surrounds the Baltic authoritarian régimes – due to the general stability and rapid economical growth of the period (even if brief), some commenters avoid the label "authoritarian"; others, yet, condemn such an "apologetic" attitude, for instance in afterward assessments of Kārlis Ulmanis.

Soviet and German occupations, 1940–1991 [edit]

Geopolitical status in Northern Europe in Nov 1939^{[15] [16]}

 Neutral countries

 Deutschland and annexed countries

 Soviet Marriage and annexed countries

 Neutral countries with military bases established by Soviet Union in October 1939

In accordance with a hush-hush protocol inside the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of 1939 that divided Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influence, the Soviet Army invaded eastern Poland in September 1939, and the Stalinist Soviet authorities coerced Estonia, Republic of latvia, and Lithuania into "mutual help treaties" which granted USSR the correct to establish armed services bases in these countries. In June 1940, the Red Army occupied all of the territory of Estonia, Latvia, and Republic of lithuania, and installed new, pro-Soviet puppet governments. In all three countries simultaneously, rigged elections (in which only pro-Stalinist candidates were allowed to run) were staged in July 1940, the newly assembled "parliaments" in each of the 3 countries and so unanimously applied to join the Soviet Union, and in Baronial 1940 were incorporated into the USSR as the Estonian SSR, Latvian SSR, and Lithuanian SSR.

Repressions, executions and mass deportations followed afterwards that in the Baltics.^{[17] [xviii]} The Soviet Union attempted to Sovietize its occupied territories, by means such as deportations and instituting the Russian language every bit the only working linguistic communication. Between 1940 and 1953, the Soviet authorities deported more than 200,000 people from the Baltics to remote locations in the Soviet Union. In improver, at to the lowest degree 75,000 were sent to Gulags. About ten% of the adult Baltic population were deported or sent to labor camps.^[19] (See June deportation, Soviet deportations from Republic of estonia, Sovietization of the Baltic states)

The Soviet occupation of the Baltic countries was interrupted by Nazi German invasion of the region in 1941. Initially, many Estonians, Latvians, and Lithuanians considered the German language regular army as liberators, while having hoped for the restoration of each of the 3 countries' independence, but instead the Nazi German invaders established a ceremonious administration, known as the Reichskommissariat Ostland.^{[ citation needed ]} During the occupation the Nazi regime carried out ghettoisations and mass killings of the Jewish populations in Republic of lithuania and Latvia.^[20] Over 190,000 Lithuanian Jews, nearly 95% of Lithuania's pre-war Jewish community, and 66,000 Latvian Jews were murdered. The German occupation lasted until late 1944 (in Courland, until early on 1945), when the countries were reoccupied by the Reddish Army and Soviet rule was re-established, with the passive understanding of the United States and Britain (see Yalta Conference and Potsdam Agreement).

The forced collectivisation of agriculture began in 1947, and was completed later the mass deportation in March 1949 (see Operation Priboi). Individual farms were confiscated, and farmers were fabricated to join the collective farms. In all 3 countries, Baltic partisans, known colloquially every bit the Woods Brothers, Latvian national partisans, and Lithuanian partisans, waged unsuccessful guerrilla warfare against the Soviet occupation for the next eight years in a bid to regain their nations' independence. The armed resistance of the anti-Soviet partisans lasted upward to 1953. Although the armed resistance was defeated, the population remained anti-Soviet.

Republic of lithuania, Republic of latvia and Estonia were considered to exist nether Soviet occupation by the United states, the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland,^[21] Canada, NATO, and many other countries and international organizations.^[22] During the Cold War, Lithuania and Latvia maintained legations in Washington DC, while Estonia had a mission in New York Metropolis. Each was staffed initially by diplomats from the concluding governments before USSR occupation.^[23]

Restoration of independence [edit]

In the tardily 1980s, a massive campaign of civil resistance against Soviet rule, known as the Singing revolution, began. On 23 August 1989, the Baltic Way, a two-million-stiff human being chain, stretched for 600 km from Tallinn to Vilnius. In the wake of this campaign, Gorbachev'southward government had privately concluded that the deviation of the Baltic republics had become "inevitable".^[24] This process contributed to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, setting a precedent for the other Soviet republics to secede from the USSR. The Soviet Union recognized the independence of three Baltic states on half-dozen September 1991. Troops were withdrawn from the region (starting from Republic of lithuania) from August 1993. The concluding Russian troops were withdrawn from there in August 1994.^[25] Skrunda-one, the last Russian military radar in the Baltics, officially suspended operations in August 1998.^[26]

21st century [edit]

All three are today liberal democracies, with unicameral parliaments elected by pop vote for 4-twelvemonth terms: Riigikogu in Estonia, Saeima in Latvia and Seimas in Lithuania. In Latvia and Estonia, the president is elected past parliament, while Lithuania has a semi-presidential system whereby the president is elected by pop vote. All are part of the European Union (Eu) and members of the North Atlantic Treaty System (NATO).

Each of the three countries has alleged itself to be the restoration of the sovereign nation that had existed from 1918 to 1940, emphasizing their contention that Soviet domination over the Baltic states during the Cold State of war period had been an illegal occupation and annexation.

The same legal interpretation is shared by the United States, the United Kingdom, and most other Western democracies,^{[ commendation needed ]} who held the forcible incorporation of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania into the Soviet Union to be illegal. At least formally, near Western democracies never considered the 3 Baltic states to be elective parts of the Soviet Wedlock. Commonwealth of australia was a cursory exception to this support of Baltic independence: in 1974, the Labor government of Australia did recognize Soviet dominion, but this determination was reversed by the side by side Australian Parliament.^[27] Other exceptions included Sweden, which was the starting time Western country, and one of the very few to e'er do and so, to recognize the incorporation of the Baltic states into the Soviet Marriage equally lawful.^[28]

Subsequently the Baltic states had restored their independence, integration with Western Europe became a major strategic goal. In 2002, the Baltic governments practical to join the European Union and become members of NATO. All iii became NATO members on 29 March 2004, and joined the EU on i May 2004.

Regional cooperation [edit]

During the Baltic struggle for independence 1989–1992, a personal friendship adult betwixt the (at that fourth dimension unrecognized) Baltic ministers of strange diplomacy and the Nordic ministers of foreign affairs. This friendship led to the creation of the Council of the Baltic Sea States in 1992, and the EuroFaculty in 1993.^[29]

Betwixt 1994 and 2004, the BAFTA gratuitous trade understanding was established to assistance ready the countries for their accession to the EU, rather than out of the Baltic states' want to trade amid themselves. The Baltic countries were more than interested in gaining access to the remainder of the European market.

Currently, the governments of the Baltic states cooperate in multiple ways, including cooperation among presidents, parliament speakers, heads of government, and foreign ministers. On eight November 1991, the Baltic Associates, which includes 15 to xx MPs from each parliament, was established to facilitate inter-parliamentary cooperation. The Baltic Council of Ministers was established on thirteen June 1994 to facilitate intergovernmental cooperation. Since 2003, at that place is coordination between the 2 organizations.^[30]

Compared with other regional groupings in Europe, such as the Nordic Council or Visegrad Four, Baltic cooperation is rather limited. All three countries are also members of the New Hanseatic League, an breezy group of northern European union states formed to abet a mutual financial position.

Economies [edit]

Economically, parallel with the political changes, and the autonomous transition, – every bit a rule of constabulary states – the previous control economies were transformed via the legislation into market place economies, and ready or renewed the major macroeconomic factors: budgetary rules, national inspect, national currency and key banking company. Generally, they soon encountered the following problems: high aggrandizement, high unemployment, low economical growth and high government debt. The inflation rate, in the examined expanse, relatively quickly dropped to below 5% by 2000. Meanwhile, these economies were stabilised, and in 2004 all of them joined the European Union. New macroeconomic requirements take arisen for them; the Maastricht criteria became obligatory and afterward the Stability and Growth Pact fix stricter rules through national legislation by implementing the regulations and directives of the Sixpack, because the financial crunch was a shocking milestone.^[31]

All 3 countries are member states of the European Marriage, and the Eurozone. They are classified as high-income economies by the World Banking concern and maintain loftier Homo Evolution Index. Republic of estonia, Latvia, and Republic of lithuania are also members of the OECD.^[1] Estonia adopted the euro currency in January 2011, Latvia in January 2014, and Lithuania in January 2015.

Free energy security of Baltic states [edit]

Usually the concept of free energy security is related to the uninterruptible supply, sufficient energy storage, advanced technological development of free energy sector and ecology regulations.^[32] Other studies add together other indicators to this list: diversification of energy suppliers, energy import dependence and vulnerability of political system.^[33]

Even now being a part of the European union, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are still considered as the almost vulnerable Eu member states in the energy sphere.^[34] Due to their Soviet by, Baltic states have several gas pipelines on their territories coming from Russia. Moreover, several routes of oil commitment as well accept been sustained from Soviet times: These are ports in Ventspils, Butinge and Tallinn.^[35] Therefore, Estonia, Latvia and Republic of lithuania play a significant function non merely in consuming, only likewise in distribution of Russian free energy fuels extracting transaction fees.^[35] So, the overall EU dependence on the Russia's free energy supplies from the i hand and the need of Baltic states to import energy fuels from their closer hydrocarbon-rich neighbor creates a tension that could jeopardize the free energy security of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.^[35]

As a part of the Eu from 2004, Baltic states must comply with the EU's regulations in energy, ecology and security spheres. One of the most important documents that the European union applied to improve the energy security stance of the Baltic states are European Union climate and energy package, including the Climate and Energy Strategy 2020, that aims to reduce the greenhouse emissions to 20%, increase the energy production from renewables for xx% in overall share and 20% energy efficiency development.^[36]

The calculations have into account not but economical, just besides technological and free energy-related factors: Energy and carbon intensity of ship and households, trade residual of total energy, energy import dependency, diversification of energy mix, etc.^[32] Information technology was stated that from 2008, Baltic states experiences a positive modify in their energy security score. They diversified their oil import suppliers due to shutdown of Druzhba gas pipeline in 2006 and increased the share of renewable sources in total free energy production with the help of the European union policies.^[32]

Estonia unremarkably was the best performing country in terms of energy security, merely new assessment shows that even though Republic of estonia has the highest share of renewables in the energy production, its energy economy has been all the same characterized past loftier rates of carbon intensity. Republic of lithuania, in contrast, accomplished the best results on carbon intensity of economy but its energy dependence level is still very high. Latvia performed the all-time according to all indicators. Peculiarly, the loftier share of renewables were introduced to the energy production of Republic of latvia, that can exist explained by the land's geographical location and favorable natural conditions.^[32]

Possible threats to free energy security include, firstly, a major risk of free energy supply disruption. Even if there are several electricity interconnectors that connect the surface area with electricity-rich states (Estonia-Finland interconnector, Lithuania-Poland interconnector, Lithuania-Sweden interconnector), the pipeline supply of natural gas and tanker supply of oil are unreliable without modernization of energy infrastructure.^[34] Secondly, the dependence on unmarried supplier – Russian federation – is not good for you both for economics and politics.^[37] As it was in 2009 during the Russian-Ukrainian gas dispute, when states of Eastern Europe were deprived from access to the natural gas deliveries, the reoccurrence of the situation may again lead to economical, political and social crunch. Therefore, the diversification of suppliers is needed.^[34] Finally, the low technological enhancement results in dull adaptation of new technologies, such equally construction and utilize of renewable sources of energy. This also poses a threat to energy security of the Baltic states, because slows down the renewable energy consumption and pb to low rates of energy efficiency.^[34]

Civilization [edit]

Ethnic groups [edit]

Estonians are Finnic people, together with the nearby Finns. The Latvians and Lithuanians, linguistically and culturally related to each other, are Baltic Indo-European people. In Latvia exists a pocket-sized community of Finnic people related to the Estonians, composed of only 250 people, known every bit Livonians, and they live in the so-chosen Livonian Coast. The peoples in the Baltic states have together inhabited the eastern declension of the Baltic Bounding main for millennia, although non ever peacefully in ancient times, over which catamenia their populations, Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian, have remained remarkably stable within the approximate territorial boundaries of the electric current Baltic states. While separate peoples with their ain community and traditions, historical factors have introduced cultural commonalities across and differences within them.

The populations of each Baltic country belong to several Christian denominations, a reflection of historical circumstances. Both Western and Eastern Christianity had been introduced by the finish of the first millennium. The electric current divide between Lutheranism to the north and Catholicism to the south is the remnant of Swedish and Polish hegemony, respectively, with Orthodox Christianity remaining the dominant faith among Russian and other East Slavic minorities.

The Baltic states have historically been in many different spheres of influence, from Danish over Swedish and Shine–Lithuanian, to German (Hansa and Holy Roman Empire), and earlier independence in the Russian sphere of influence.

The Baltic states are inhabited past several ethnic minorities: in Latvia: 33.0% (including 25.4% Russian, 3.3% Belarusian, 2.2% Ukrainian, and ii.ane% Polish),^[38] in Estonia: 27.6%^[39] and in Lithuania: 12.2% (including five.six% Smoothen and four.five% Russian).^[xl]

The Soviet Union conducted a policy of Russification by encouraging Russians and other Russian-speaking ethnic groups of the Soviet Union to settle in the Baltics. Today, indigenous Russian immigrants from the former Soviet Wedlock and their descendants make upwardly a sizable peculiarly in Latvia (most one-quarter of the full population and close to ane-half in the capital Riga) and Estonia (most 1-quarter of the total population).

Because the three countries had been independent nations prior to their occupation by the Soviet Union, there was a strong feeling of national identity (frequently labeled "bourgeois nationalism" by the Communist Party) and popular resentment towards the imposed Soviet rule in the 3 countries, in combination with Soviet cultural policy, which employed superficial multiculturalism (in order for the Soviet Spousal relationship to appear as a multinational union based on the free volition of its peoples) in limits allowed by the communist "internationalist" (but in outcome pro-Russification) ideology and nether tight control of the Communist Party (those of the Baltic nationals who crossed the line were called "bourgeois nationalists" and repressed). This allow Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians preserve a loftier caste of Europe-oriented national identity.^[41] In Soviet times this made them appear every bit the "W" of the Soviet Matrimony in the cultural and political sense, thus as close to emigration a Russian could get without leaving the USSR.

Languages [edit]

The languages of the three Baltic peoples belong to two singled-out language families. The Latvian and Lithuanian languages vest to the Indo-European language family and are the simply extant (widely recognized) members of the Baltic language grouping (or more specifically, Eastern Baltic subgroup of Baltic). Latgalian and Samogitian are considered either separate languages or dialects of Latvian and Lithuanian, respectively.

The Estonian language (including its divergent Võro and Seto dialects) is a Finnic linguistic communication, together with neighboring Finland's Finnish language. It is as well related to the now about-extinct Livonian linguistic communication spoken as a second language by a few dozen people in Latvia.

Autonomously from the indigenous languages, High german was the ascendant language in Estonia and Latvia in academics, professional person life, and upper order from the 13th century until Globe War I. Smoothen served a similar office in Lithuania. Numerous Swedish loanwords accept made it into the Estonian language; information technology was under the Swedish rule that schools were established and pedagogy propagated in the 17th century. Swedish remains spoken in Estonia, specially the Estonian Swedish dialect of the Estonian Swedes of northern Republic of estonia and the islands (though many fled to Sweden as the USSR invaded and re-occupied Estonia in 1944). At that place is also significant proficiency in Finnish in Estonia owing to its linguistic relationship with Estonian and too widespread exposure to Finnish broadcasts during the Soviet era.

Russian was the most commonly studied strange language at all levels of schooling during the period of Soviet dominion in 1944-1991. Despite schooling available and assistants conducted in local languages, Russian-speaking settlers were neither encouraged nor motivated to learn the official local languages, so noesis of some Russian became a practical necessity in daily life in Russian-dominated urban areas. Even to this day, most of the three countries' adult population can understand and speak some Russian, especially so the elderly people who went to school during the Soviet rule.

Since the refuse of Russian influence and integration into the European Matrimony economy, English has get the most pop second language in the Baltic states. Although Russian is more than widely spoken among older people the vast majority of immature people are learning English instead with as many as fourscore pct of immature Lithuanians professing English proficiency, and similar trends in the other Baltic states.^{[42] [43]}

Baltic Romani is spoken past the Roma.

Geography [edit]

Nature [edit]

• 

  Forests cover over half the landmass of Republic of estonia

• 

• 

  View from the Bilioniai forthill in Lithuania

Current leaders [edit]

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

General statistics [edit]

All three unitary republics, which simultaneously joined the European Matrimony on one May 2004, share EET/EEST time zone schedules and the euro currency.

	Estonia	Latvia	Lithuania	Full
Coat of arms				N/A
Flag				N/A
Capital	Tallinn	Riga	Vilnius	N/A
Independence	Until 13th century 24 February 1918 Restored xx Baronial 1991	Until 13th century 18 Nov 1918 Restored 21 August 1991	Until 18th century 16 February 1918 Restored xi March 1990	N/A
Political organisation	Parliamentary commonwealth	Parliamentary commonwealth	Semi-presidential republic	Due north/A
Parliament	Riigikogu	Saeima	Seimas	N/A
Electric current President	Alar Karis	Egils Levits	Gitanas Nausėda	North/A
Population (2021)	ane,328,000[45]	1,893,000[46]	2,799,023[47]	vi,000,000
Expanse	45,339 km2 = 17,505 sq mi	64,589 km2 = 24,938 sq mi	65,300 km2 = 25,212 sq mi	175,228 kmii = 67,656 sq mi
Density	xxx.ix/km2 = lxxx/sq mi	29/km2 = 76/sq mi	43/km2 = 110/sq mi	34/km2 = 88/sq mi
Water area %	iv.56%	i.5%	1.35%	two.47%
GDP (nominal) full (2021)[48]	€30.660 billion	€32.917 billion	€55.326 billion	€118.902 billion
Gross domestic product (nominal) per capita (2021)[48]	€23,060	€17,480	€nineteen,740	€xx,000
Armed services budget (2022)	€748 million[49]	€758 million[l]	€i.2 billion[51]	€2.vii billion
Gini Index (2019)[52]	30.five	35.2	35.4	Northward/A
HDI (2019)[53]	0.882 (Very High)	0.854 (Very High)	0.869 (Very High)	N/A
Cyberspace TLD	.ee	.lv	.lt	N/A
Calling code	+372	+371	+370	Due north/A

Come across also [edit]

• Baltia
• Baltic Entente
• Baltic Gratis Merchandise Surface area
• Baltic provinces, Baltic governorates
• Baltic region
• Baltic Tiger
• Baltic Way
• Balto-Finnic languages, Baltic Finnic peoples
• Baltoscandia
• Balts, Baltic Germans
• June deportation
• Listing of cities in the Baltic states by population
• Nordic countries
• Nordic Estonia
• Nordic-Baltic Viii
• Northern Europe
• Occupation of the Baltic states
• Functioning Priboi
• Russians in Estonia, Russians in Republic of latvia, Russians in Lithuania
• Scandinavia
• Soviet deportations from Estonia
• United Baltic Duchy

References [edit]

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14. ^ "Why did Finland remain a democracy between the two World Wars, whereas the Baltic States adult authoritarian regimes?". January 2004. every bit [Republic of lithuania] is a distinct instance from the other 2 Baltic countries. Non only was an authoritarian authorities prepare up in 1926, eight years before those of Estonia and Republic of latvia, but it was also formed not to counter a threat from the right, but through a military coup d'etat against a leftist regime. (...) The hostility between socialists and not-socialists in Finland had been amplified by a bloody civil war
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20. ^ "Murder of the Jews of the Baltic States". Yad Vashem.
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Further reading [edit]

• Bojtár, Endre (1999). Forward to the Past – A Cultural History of the Baltic People. Budapest: Central European University Printing. ISBN978-963-9116-42-9.
• Bousfield, Jonathan (2004). Baltic States. Crude Guides. ISBN978-1-85828-840-6.
• Clerc, Louis; Glover, Nikolas; Jordan, Paul, eds. Histories of Public Diplomacy and Nation Branding in the Nordic and Baltic Countries: Representing the Periphery (Leiden: Brill Nijhoff, 2015). 348 pp. ISBN 978-90-04-30548-9. for an online book review see online review
• D'Amato, Giuseppe (2004). Travel to the Baltic Hansa – The European Wedlock and its enlargement to the East (Book in Italian: Viaggio nell'Hansa baltica – L'Unione europea eastward l'allargamento ad Est). Milano: Greco&Greco editori. ISBN978-88-7980-355-7.
• Hiden, John; Patrick Salmon (1991). The Baltic Nations and Europe: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania in the Twentieth Century. London: Longman. ISBN978-0-582-08246-5.
• Hiden, John; Vahur Made; David J. Smith (2008). The Baltic Question during the Common cold War. London: Routledge. ISBN978-0-415-56934-vii.
• Jacobsson, Bengt (2009). The European Marriage and the Baltic States: Changing forms of governance. London: Routledge. ISBN978-0-415-48276-ix.
• Kasekamp, Andres (2010). A History of the Baltic States. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN978-0-230-01940-9.
• Lane, Thomas; Artis Pabriks; Aldis Purs; David J. Smith (2013). The Baltic States: Republic of estonia, Republic of latvia and Lithuania. Routledge. ISBN978-1-136-48304-2.
• Malowist, M. "The Economical and Social Evolution of the Baltic Countries from the Fifteenth to the Seventeenth Centuries." Economic History Review 12#2 1959, pp. 177–189. online
• Lehti, Marko; David J. Smith, eds. (2003). Post-Common cold State of war Identity Politics – Northern and Baltic Experiences. London/Portland: Frank Cass Publishers. ISBN978-0-7146-8351-5.
• Lieven, Anatol (1993). The Baltic Revolution: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Path to Independence. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN978-0-300-05552-8.
• Naylor, Aliide (2020). The Shadow in the Eastward: Vladimir Putin and the New Baltic Front. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN978-1788312523.
• O'Connor, Kevin (2006). Culture and Community of the Baltic States. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN978-0-313-33125-1.
• O'Connor, Kevin (2003). The History of the Baltic States. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN978-0-313-32355-3.
• Plakans, Andrejs (2011). A Concise History of the Baltic States. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-0-521-54155-8.
• Smith, Graham (1994). The Baltic States: The National Cocky-conclusion of Republic of estonia, Latvia, and Republic of lithuania . New York: St. Martin'due south Press. ISBN978-0-312-12060-three.
• Palmer, Alan. The Baltic: A new history of the region and its people (New York: Overlook Press, 2006; published in London with the championship Northern shores: a history of the Baltic Body of water and its peoples (John Murray, 2006))
• Šleivyte, Janina (2010). Russian federation's European Calendar and the Baltic States. London: Routledge. ISBN978-0-415-55400-8.
• Vilkauskaite, Dovile O. "From Empire to Independence: The Curious Example of the Baltic States 1917-1922." (thesis, Academy of Connecticut, 2013). online; Bibliography pp lxx – 75.
• Williams, Nicola; Debra Herrmann; Cathryn Kemp (2003). Estonia, Latvia, and Republic of lithuania (third ed.). London: Lonely Planet. ISBN978-1-74059-132-four.

International peer-reviewed media [edit]

• On the Boundary of Ii Worlds: Identity, Freedom, and Moral Imagination in the Baltics (book series)
• Journal of Baltic Studies, journal of the Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies (AABS)
• Lituanus, a journal dedicated to Lithuanian and Baltic art, history, language, literature and related cultural topics
• The Baltic Course, International Internet Magazine. Assay and background information on Baltic markets
• Baltic Reports Archived 5 October 2011 at the Wayback Car, English-linguistic communication daily news website that covers all iii Baltic states
• The Baltic Review, the independent newspaper from the Baltics
• The Baltic Times, an independent weekly paper that covers the latest political, economical, business organization, and cultural events in Estonia, Latvia and Republic of lithuania
• The Baltics Today, news nearly The Baltics

External links [edit]

• The Baltic Body of water Information Centre
• vifanord – a digital library that provides scientific data on the Nordic and Baltic countries
• Baltic states – The commodity about Baltic states on Encyclopædia Britannica.
• Richter, Klaus: Baltic States and Finland, in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the Get-go Earth War.

Official statistics of the Baltic states [edit]

• Statistics Estonia
• Statistics Republic of latvia
• Statistics Lithuania

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_states

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